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Home / Case studies / Ceramic-tile pattern visibility
Application study · Ceramics and building materials

Ceramic-tile patterns: spread the light before judging the surface

A ceramic tile can look uneven because the lighting is uneven. These real captures compare a straight bar with an arc bar: the broader illumination makes the decorative pattern easier to inspect across the image.

Prove lighting uniformity before classifying a decorative pattern.

  • Proposed light housing (spec)196 × 20.3 × 27 mm
  • EvidenceReal lighting-lab captures
  • Camera (proposed)2448 × 2048 monochrome
  • Field (derived proposal)84.46 × 70.66 mm
3D view of the inspection set-up: camera, lens, light and partDrag to rotate · scroll to zoom
3D illustration · real CAD where available
Walk through this setup 5 guided stops
From component to inspection

Understand each choice.

Choose a stop to frame the part in 3D and see why it belongs in this setup. The component notes and links remain available if 3D cannot load.

Camera and available lens CAD are published models. Lens and light envelopes use printed dimensions. The linked station uses its published base size and column height; carriage, brackets, fittings, parts and spacing are illustrative. Confirm load, travel, fasteners and clearances before ordering. Light paths explain the arrangement and do not simulate optical performance. The part geometry is illustrative and is not reconstructed from the camera image. The proposed field is derived from the printed lens magnification and camera pixel dimensions; actual coverage and focus need a bench check. Representative part geometry is illustrative, not reconstructed inspection evidence.

From the demo to your test bench

Build around the parts you can buy.

Explore each component, check its specifications and compare alternatives. The proposed quote includes the linked test station; its catalog listing includes two lighting holders.

Mount the optics with intent

The station is an optical test bench, with its two lighting holders included in the catalog listing. The 3D column and base follow the published height and footprint. Carriages, clamps and part supports are schematic: confirm camera screw pattern, lens support, light fasteners, permissible load and actual travel before ordering.

Configure the mounting station →

Complete the electrical system

Select a controller against the exact light voltage, drive mode and power, then confirm camera data/power/I/O cables and a suitable PC. These are not silently added to the proposed optical kit.

Lighting application-lab image sheet

Evidence you can inspect

Visible in the images

The arc-bar capture shows the veined surface with a more even brightness distribution.

What the source reports

The sheet describes a larger and more uniform spot; no quantitative uniformity or defect-size result is supplied.

How to use this evidence

A lighting application-lab demonstration. The source supplies no customer deployment, defect-size limit, repeatability study or production false-call data. Proposed camera, lens, field, mounting and spacing are not the original tested system.

What the camera saw

Cropped from the source test sheet; original test annotations are retained. Captures are not generated or enhanced. Drag the comparison slider or use the image buttons.

White straight bar: the source capture has a stronger brightness gradient.White arc bar: the pattern remains more visible across the captured field.Straight barArc bar
Straight bar: White straight bar: the source capture has a stronger brightness gradient.
Arc bar: White arc bar: the pattern remains more visible across the captured field.
Tile shown in the source sheet; the veining is its visible pattern.
Tile shown in the source sheet; the veining is its visible pattern.

The challenge

Natural-looking veins and a reflective glaze make it easy to confuse a brightness gradient with a surface change. A small bright patch can leave useful edges dark.

How it was solved

The sheet compares white LS-4BR25030 and white LS-LBR18020. The latter capture shows a more even bright field across the patterned surface.

The proposed rig uses one arc bar, a monochrome camera and macro lens on the catalog test station. Part size, light angle and working distance in the scene are illustrative.

Why it works

  1. 1

    Illumination spread controls which regions remain usable under one exposure.

  2. 2

    The printed sheet describes a larger, more uniform spot with the arc bar. Neither image is a labelled crack dataset: the visible veins must not be reported as damage.

From image contrast to a production decision

What to validate on your part

A useful sample image is the starting point. These are the checks that turn the concept into a defensible inspection.

  1. 01

    Map the field

    Capture a neutral target and the actual glaze at the centre and corners without auto exposure.

  2. 02

    Separate pattern and damage

    Include acceptable decorative veins and confirmed scratches or chips before defining rejection rules.

  3. 03

    Vary the finish

    Repeat with glossy and matt batches and the expected part height and tilt variation.

Explore your inspection requirements

How many pixels cover your feature?

Adjust field width, feature size and motion to compare sampling and exposure. These are calculated planning values, not inspection results or an accuracy specification.

Editable planning scenario. The field, feature, speed and exposure start with neutral example values. They are not taken from the source test or the 3D illustration. Allowed motion starts at an editable 0.5-pixel example; it is not a recommended acceptance limit. The horizontal pixel count starts from the catalog Resolution row for MV-CS050-10GM(NPOE). Use the effective width after cropping, binning or decimation if those modes are enabled.

Object sampling0.04085 mm/px
Pixels across feature12.24 px
Motion during exposure0.2448 px
Exposure ceiling from motion204.2 µs
Formulas and assumptions
  • Object sampling (mm/px) = field width (mm) / horizontal pixels.
  • Pixels across feature = feature width (mm) / object sampling (mm/px).
  • Motion (px) = speed (mm/s) × exposure (µs) / 1,000,000 / object sampling (mm/px).
  • Exposure for allowed motion (µs) = allowed motion (px) × object sampling (mm/px) / speed (mm/s) × 1,000,000.

The exposure result is the maximum duration from this motion allowance alone. At zero speed, motion sets no exposure limit; the camera, lighting, saturation and other constraints still apply. A shorter exposure does not itself guarantee a reliable inspection.

Field width and feature width refer to the same object plane. The motion calculation assumes uniform linear motion parallel to the field-width direction and a single exposure. It does not model perspective, vibration, rolling-shutter distortion, diffraction, defocus or optical distortion. A strobe may change the effective exposure.

Pixel coverage alone does not establish detectability or measurement accuracy. Validate contrast, lens performance, working distance, illumination, calibration, camera exposure limits and the inspection algorithm on representative parts. Changing field width does not change the 3D model or certify that the proposed lens can achieve that field.

The set-up and the parts

Lighting evidenceApplication-lab source captures
Camera and lensProposed catalog components; source camera unspecified
Proposed field (derived)84.46 × 70.66 mm at 0.1x
Lens working distance (spec)152 mm at the listed magnification
Mounting (proposed)LS-BT-XZ-G-6-6045 · 600 mm station, glass tray and two lighting holders

"Tested" identifies the part named in the source. "Our pick" is a proposed alternative or supporting part. The quote includes only cards marked "In proposed setup", with the quantities shown; other test arrangements are separate. Confirm colour, optics, controllers, power supplies, cables and mounting before ordering.

About this case study: the photos and camera images come from the application laboratory of the maker of the lighting and optics we sell, imaged on the parts shown; your results depend on your part, camera and set-up. This is an application-lab study, not a LumaSpec customer deployment. Source figures are reported results; proposed components require a fresh trial. The 3D scene illustrates the arrangement and does not simulate imaging performance.

More case studies

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Make the next trial specific.

Tell us the part size, smallest defect or tolerance, available working distance, material and line speed. Include what a good part and a reject look like.

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